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5. The whole of non-conscious or inert nature consists of an inter-mix of three attributes or qualities namely, ‘sat’ or ‘satogun’ (here ‘sat’ means virtuous, righteous or positive and ‘gun’ means attributes/qualities/propensities), ‘raj’ or ‘rajogun (mundane or worldly disposition) and ‘tam’ or ‘tamogun’ (darker passions or negative tendencies). The dominance of any one of the three attributes decides the nature of that creation or mind. The highest level of non-conscious creation, ‘Mahâkâran Prakriti’ (Supra-causal Nature) has all the three attributes held in perfect equilibrium, equal proportion, and, therefore, is an inactive realm where no activity of any type takes place (hence, this is also called Equilibrial Primordial Nature). The ‘Kaivalya Mandal’ or ‘Chetan Mandal’ or Conscious Sphere lies beyond all the non-conscious spheres and is, thus, free of attributes or qualities. It is, therefore, also called ‘nirgun’ (attribute-less) plane of creation. The Supreme Being lives beyond both the attributed or non-conscious or classified nature as well as the attribute-less or conscious or unqualified nature.
113. Yam or Yamarâj is the name of Hindu deity or Lord of Death.
114. Dam implies “control over indriyas (organs of action & senses)”. This is accomplished by the practice of Drishti Yoga (Yoga of Inner Light). When the attention is focussed in the infinitesimal point in the centre of the two eyes or the Âjnâ Chakra, consciousness rises above or beyond the gross body & organs and, thus, all the organs are rendered ineffective.
115. “bam” refers to mind-control which is effected by mastery of Nâdânusandhân or Surat Shabd Yoga (Yoga of Inner Sound). The Domain of the Quintessential Unstruck Sound (anâhat nâd or sâr shabd), the zone of pure consciousness, lies beyond all the four non-conscious or inert realms namely gross, astral, causal and supra-causal realms. The non-conscious or inert or ‘Jad’ regions are qualitative or made up of three attributes/ qualities viz. ‘sat’, ‘raj’ and ‘tam’ and so is the mind whose activity and existence is, therefore, limited to the non-conscious or inert spheres. For the Soul that has risen into the realm of Quintessential Unstruck Sound, the non-conscious or inert mind also is rendered useless and is completely subjugated. This is the key to mind-control and meditation.
135. According to the principles of Sage Patanjali niyams are preparation for meditation and consists in purity, contentment, austerity, self -study and meditation on God. According to hath-yoga doctrine niyams are ten consisting of austerity, contentment, belief (theism), charity, God-worship, listening to principles (of devotion), modesty, understanding, chant and oblation.
136. According to Sage Patanjali yams, again preparatory pre-requisites for meditation, are five in number: truthfulness, non-violence, non-stealing, continence/celibacy and non-hoarding or possession-less-ness. Hath-yoga enlists ten yams namely, truthfulness, non-violence, non-stealing, continence, kindness, rectitude, forgiveness, patience, temperance in food and purity.
137. Kinnars are mythical creatures similar to gods having heads of horses